Option For Prosperity :: essays papers

Option For ProsperityIn an advanced information age economy, lifetime earning prospects depend on the quality of education more than ever before. Americans atomic number 18 free to make decisions about their health, college education and welfare. We can choose what to eat, how to exercise, whom to marry and which candidate deserves our vote. All of these choices frame us into the people we are today. The growing sheer in home schooled children demonstrates that parents are utilizing their freedom of choice in order to help improve their childs education. It is hard to ignore indictment of the communitys academically underachieving, morally irresolute, disorderly, and often scary public schools (Anderson). Home schooling is a necessary option because it is more flexible than public schools, it tailors nurture to the needs of the children, and it provides a stable environment for a well-rounded education. Todays public schools are engulfed so much in a contract curriculum, instr uctors are there to inform other than teach. Home schooling gives families more flexibility with teaching their children. Most home schooling students spend their time at libraries, museums, factories, nursing homes, churches, community colleges, a parks department, or elsewhere (Lines). These varieties of opportunities for students to experience positively broaden their adolescent minds. Familiarities with knowledgeable occurrences outside of the classroom help shape childrens understanding of the world. Those people who are against the at home learning process feel that it deprives the children of interactions necessary for learning. However, with the freedom from a nine-hour school day, kids have the calamity to venture and actually experience the books instead of just reading them. For example, John was able to go to Africa with his grandfather for two weeks and we did not worry about him deficient schoolsouthern Africa was his school (Sale). Most home schooled s tudents do not have the opportunity to go to Africa but, there are always possibilities opposed to pass much of ones youth inside brick buildings. Other benefits of being schooled at home are that the learning process can be betrothed to fit the students needs. Under the strict curriculum in which public schools provide, the government determines the pace that students have to learn. It is a known fact that there are not two children alike so how is it possible to teach them all the same way.

Extremism Revealed in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Extremism Revealed in new-fangled Goodman Brown   Hawthorne depicts a 17th century prude attempting to reach excuse as Browns corporate trust required. Upon completing his journey, however, Brown could not confront the terrors of evil in his heart and chose to reject all of society. Puritan confession was a topic Hawthorne was aware of as a journey to hell necessary for a moral man. Having referred to the heart of man as hell, Puritans founds themselves in the middle of Satan and his multitude of devils as he established his kingdom in mans heart. This was a dreadful revelation that caused Brown to grow barbed and distrustful. Puritan communities, secured by their orthodox faith, dealt with the ungodly wilderness around them. Set in Salem during the early witchcraft day of then, Young Goodman Browns experience in the dark, evil forest correlated and would have been recognized by Puritans as a symbol of mistrust of their own corrupt police van and faculties. Just as man could not trust the shadows and figures he saw hidden in the forest, he could not trust his own desires. Those desires had to be tested through his journey into the forest. Those evil spirits constantly tortured the Puritan, constantly reminding him of his sin and the battle in his own heart. Hawthorne used the presence of this demon in Young Goodman Brown by demonstrating, through Brown, the Puritan Journey towards Justification. Going through the forest towards Justification was marked by the disappearance of the self. In fructify of the self, was the awareness of helplessness and the illusions of sin. This awareness would then assist the moral man to no longer depend upon material things or people, but to put his faith solely upon God. Hawthornes knowledge of the historical background of Puritanism combined with the personal experience of his early life and the autobiography of his own family merge into the statement that Young Goodman Brown makes. A system in which individ uals cannot trust themselves, their neighbors, their instructors or even their ministers cannot create and atmosphere where faith exists. Hawthornes tale places the newly wed Puritan Brown upon the road to what may or may not be a true conversion experience. The conversion experience, a sudden realization brought rough by divine intervention, a vision, or perhaps a dream, easily translates into the dream of Hawthornes work and allows the author to use Puritan doctrine and the history of Salem to argue the merits and consequences of such a belief.

The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson

The Narrative of the Captivity and proceeds of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, arguably the most famous internment tale of the American Indian-English genre, is considered a common illustration of the thematic style and purpose of the English captivity narrative. As the captivity genre leant itself to nationalist agendas (Snader 66), Rowlandsons narrative seems to echo other captivity narratives in its bias in favor of English colonial power. Rowlandsons tale is easy propaganda her depiction of indigenous American brutality and violence in the mid-1600s is eloquent and moving, and her writing is infused with rich imagery and apt testimony that defines her religious interpretation of the thirteen-week captivity. Yet can a more comprehensive understanding of Rowlandsons relationship to Indians exist in a closer reading of her narrative? As captivity materials . . . are notorious for blending the real and the highly fictive (Namias 23), can we infer the real colonial relationships of this cap tivity in applying a modern understanding of economic, political and pagan transformations of American Indians? Mary Rowlandson was captive under King Phillipss wifes sister, and varying other Algonquian masters from February 20, 1676 through May 2, 1676. She preserve her narrative as the war was slipping away from the Indians (Calloway 93) and published it with popular acclaim. In the context of this tumultuous time, it would be a grave mistake to burn the clear indications that this narrative was intended primarily as a record of the authors spiritual practices and to assume a specific existential and example stance in the world (Ebersole 20). Rowlandsons intentions for the narrative no doubt served religious and political aim... ...ivity. Charlottesville and capital of the United Kingdom University of Virginia, 1995.Richter, Daniel K. Facing East from Indian Country A Nave History of Early America. Cambridge Massachusetts and London, England Harvard, 2001. Namias, June. Whit e Captives Gender and Ethnicity on the American Frontier. Chapel Hill & London University of North Carolina, 1993.Rowlandson, Mary. The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 6 th ed., Nine Baym, General Editor. New York, New York W.W. Norton & Co., 2003.Snader, Joe. Caught Between Worlds British Captivity Narratives in Fact and Fiction. Lexington , KY University of Kentucky, 2000.Vaughan, Alden T., Clark, Edward W. Puritans Among the Indians Accounts of Captivity and Redemption. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London England Belknap, Harvard, 1981.

Political Economy Essay -- UK Economy, Politics

The UK economy has undergone structural, financial, and political change over the last thirty years. Different ideologies and policies cast served to convention the descent in the midst of government and economy in varying directions. Some elements, such as state intervention, have remained as a point of debate. new(prenominal) factors, like globalization, have just recently developed. The policy of UK governments as a whole has been shaped quite heavily by major economic events during this period, and the legacy left by the Conservative and Labour governments can still be seen today. Using a range of sources and my own knowledge, I shall asses the critical elements of the relationship between government and economies over the last 30 years, and their relative importance. The context of this relationship is concerned with the theory of political economy. This is the idea of rationality and growth of the free foodstuff (a market in which there is no economic intervention and re gulation by the state, except to enforce private contracts and the ownership of property). First, it is key to outline the characteristics of the relationship the government and the economy share. Clearly, a government influences the way an economy works via its policies. The government uses two branches of policy, fiscal and monetary. Fiscal policy entails government expending whereas monetary policy involves manipulation interest rates. Both policy instruments are designed to achieve growth. The attempts of a government to influence economic activity in the national economy are defined as macro-economic measures. Macroeconomics can be described as the study of national economics (Morrison 2002, p.60). Even the government itself is fade as a typical business in a free ma... ...ound will ever be successful. Monopolies were the created of privatization, but deregulation was a creator of nationalization. This has seen a fine line having to be struck between the governments roles in the economy. Globalization has seen individual firms within an economy boost their status and influence, in turn, shutting out government power in their respective economies. Different parties have brought their respective philosophies into power in the UK. Enterprise, freedom of choice and increased rivalry in individual markets has been the driving force in most action taken by government during this period. In my opinion, it is fair to say, that the UK economy and the UK government have undergone structural, political and geographical change, which has led to Britain maintaining a stranglehold in the battle of the developed and developing economies.

Contrast of the Modern American and British House :: essays papers

Contrast of the ripe American and British HouseModern American and British familys may appear similar from the outside,just as an American may appear similar to an Englishman. One cannot judgea domicil by its faade, however, and beneath the surface, two altogetherdifferent design paradigms exist. The American house is a sprawlingretreat that is designed for comfortable nourishment. Compact and efficient,the British house embodies a conservative lifestyle. The two also differin the amenities they offer. The modern American house overflows withbuilt-in features the modern British house is sparse in comparison. They are even constructed with dissimilar materials and techniques. Although modern American and British houses can appear similar, theydiffer substantially in the amenities they offer, their size, and in theway they are constructed.The modern British house typically has fewer amenities than that of itsAmerican counterpart. In the bedroom, walk-in closets organize the Americans ensemble and accommodate his skid collection. Conversely, theEnglishman uses a pine wardrobe, possibly a family heirloom, which moveswith him from home to home. In the American bathroom, a shower is astandard feature that is quite uncommon in the British home. When nonpareil isinstalled, the British shower is a point of significant difference aswell. The pressurized American shower is personnelful, and leaves one with afeeling of invigoration. The temperance fed British shower, however, ishardly capable of developing enough power to leave one with a feeling ofsatisfaction. In the modern American kitchen, one is certain to find a dish washer. In the British kitchen, a dishwasher is the exception, notthe rule. Americans also librate most kitchen appliances to be a part ofthe house. The Englishman holds a different view. It is not unusual forhim to take the stove, refrigerator, or even the kitchen cupboards when move to a new home. The modern British house lac ks many amenities thatAmericans consider basic. It also offers less nourishment space than the modernAmerican house.The empyrean American house is designed for comfort, whereas theconservative British house is designed for efficiency. These incompatibledesign approaches yield houses that differ immensely in the amount ofliving space they offer. American houses have flub rooms, laundry rooms,dining rooms, formal living rooms, and family rooms. British housesconverge and integrate these functional areas into their common rooms. The hall, or the reception, is the mud room. The kitchen is thelaundry room and the dining area.Contrast of the Modern American and British House essays papersContrast of the Modern American and British HouseModern American and British houses may appear similar from the outside,just as an American may appear similar to an Englishman. One cannot judgea house by its faade, however, and beneath the surface, two altogetherdifferent design paradigms exi st. The American house is a sprawlingretreat that is designed for comfortable living. Compact and efficient,the British house embodies a conservative lifestyle. The two also differin the amenities they offer. The modern American house overflows withbuilt-in features the modern British house is sparse in comparison. They are even constructed with dissimilar materials and techniques. Although modern American and British houses can appear similar, theydiffer significantly in the amenities they offer, their size, and in theway they are constructed.The modern British house typically has fewer amenities than that of itsAmerican counterpart. In the bedroom, walk-in closets organize theAmericans ensemble and accommodate his shoe collection. Conversely, theEnglishman uses a pine wardrobe, possibly a family heirloom, which moveswith him from home to home. In the American bathroom, a shower is astandard feature that is quite uncommon in the British home. When one isinstalled, the Bri tish shower is a point of significant difference aswell. The pressurized American shower is powerful, and leaves one with afeeling of invigoration. The gravity fed British shower, however, ishardly capable of developing enough power to leave one with a feeling ofsatisfaction. In the modern American kitchen, one is certain to find adishwasher. In the British kitchen, a dishwasher is the exception, notthe rule. Americans also consider most kitchen appliances to be a part ofthe house. The Englishman holds a different view. It is not unusual forhim to take the stove, refrigerator, or even the kitchen cupboards whenmoving to a new home. The modern British house lacks many amenities thatAmericans consider basic. It also offers less living space than the modernAmerican house.The grand American house is designed for comfort, whereas theconservative British house is designed for efficiency. These contrastingdesign approaches yield houses that differ immensely in the amount ofliving space they offer. American houses have mud rooms, laundry rooms,dining rooms, formal living rooms, and family rooms. British housesconverge and integrate these functional areas into their common rooms. The hall, or the reception, is the mud room. The kitchen is thelaundry room and the dining area.

Contrast of the Modern American and British House :: essays papers

Contrast of the Modern American and British HouseModern American and British firesides may appear similar from the outside,just as an American may appear similar to an Englishman. One cannot evaluatora signaling by its faade, however, and beneath the surface, two altogether opposite design paradigms exist. The American house is a sprawlingretreat that is designed for pleasant living. Compact and efficient,the British house embodies a conservative lifestyle. The two besides differin the amenities they offer. The neo American house overflows withbuilt-in features the advanced(a) British house is sparse in comparison. They are even constructed with unhomogeneous materials and techniques. Although youthful American and British houses can appear similar, theydiffer significantly in the amenities they offer, their size, and in theway they are constructed.The modern British house typically has fewer amenities than that of itsAmerican counterpart. In the bedroom, walk-in cl osets organize theAmericans tout ensemble and accommodate his shoe collection. Conversely, theEnglishman uses a pine wardrobe, possibly a family heirloom, which moveswith him from space to home. In the American bathroom, a shower is astandard feature that is rather un universal in the British home. When one isinstalled, the British shower is a point of significant difference aswell. The pressurized American shower is powerful, and leaves one with afeeling of invigoration. The gravity fed British shower, however, ishardly capable of growing enough power to leave one with a feeling ofsatisfaction. In the modern American kitchen, one is certain to find adishwasher. In the British kitchen, a dishwasher is the exception, notthe rule. Americans also consider most kitchen appliances to be a part ofthe house. The Englishman holds a different view. It is not unusual forhim to take the stove, refrigerator, or even the kitchen cupboards whenmoving to a new home. The modern Britis h house lacks many amenities thatAmericans consider basic. It also offers less living space than the modernAmerican house.The grand American house is designed for comfort, whereas theconservative British house is designed for efficiency. These contrastingdesign approaches yield houses that differ immensely in the amount ofliving space they offer. American houses have mud rooms, laundry rooms, eat rooms, formal living rooms, and family rooms. British housesconverge and integrate these functional areas into their common rooms. The hall, or the reception, is the mud room. The kitchen is thelaundry room and the dining area.Contrast of the Modern American and British House essays papersContrast of the Modern American and British HouseModern American and British houses may appear similar from the outside,just as an American may appear similar to an Englishman. One cannot judgea house by its faade, however, and beneath the surface, two altogetherdifferent design paradigms exist. The American house is a sprawlingretreat that is designed for comfortable living. Compact and efficient,the British house embodies a conservative lifestyle. The two also differin the amenities they offer. The modern American house overflows withbuilt-in features the modern British house is sparse in comparison. They are even constructed with dissimilar materials and techniques. Although modern American and British houses can appear similar, theydiffer significantly in the amenities they offer, their size, and in theway they are constructed.The modern British house typically has fewer amenities than that of itsAmerican counterpart. In the bedroom, walk-in closets organize theAmericans ensemble and accommodate his shoe collection. Conversely, theEnglishman uses a pine wardrobe, possibly a family heirloom, which moveswith him from home to home. In the American bathroom, a shower is astandard feature that is quite uncommon in the British home. When one isinstalled, the British shower is a point of significant difference aswell. The pressurized American shower is powerful, and leaves one with afeeling of invigoration. The gravity fed British shower, however, ishardly capable of developing enough power to leave one with a feeling ofsatisfaction. In the modern American kitchen, one is certain to find adishwasher. In the British kitchen, a dishwasher is the exception, notthe rule. Americans also consider most kitchen appliances to be a part ofthe house. The Englishman holds a different view. It is not unusual forhim to take the stove, refrigerator, or even the kitchen cupboards whenmoving to a new home. The modern British house lacks many amenities thatAmericans consider basic. It also offers less living space than the modernAmerican house.The grand American house is designed for comfort, whereas theconservative British house is designed for efficiency. These contrastingdesign approaches yield houses that differ immensely in the amount ofliving space they offer. American houses have mud rooms, laundry rooms,dining rooms, formal living rooms, and family rooms. British housesconverge and integrate these functional areas into their common rooms. The hall, or the reception, is the mud room. The kitchen is thelaundry room and the dining area.

Exploring the Past Essay

All of us have little secrets which we dont want to share with others things which we are ashamed of, things which are to a reproach intimate to tell or just things which happened in the past and we dont want to tell them because they may hurt someone or they may cause troubles to us. I have the perfect example that exploring the past some clock times may be painful. I have a friend Lora- which is very romanticistic and gives all of herself for her boyfriend. But her ex one didnt understand that. Tom her ex-boyfriend was very weird and he wanted to know all about Loras previous relationships. One day he asked her why she has broken up with her last boyfriend.At first she didnt want to talk about that provided he was urging her. So she told Tom that she has betrayed her last boyfriend and that was the reason of their parting. When she has been at a party at a friend of her she has got very rummy and a boy from the party has embraced the opportunity and got alone with her. In the morning she couldnt remember anything but it has been too late. The lover had gone off. Her only fault was that she had drunk so much but she wasnt guilty for the rest of the occurrence. But her then boyfriend didnt understand that and he left her although she love him very much.As for Tom he thought Lora could do that again. They have been together for two years and he chucked her up because she might repeat the equivalent mistake again. It was such a stupid reason. She could correct her mistake but she loved Tom very much. He loved her too but feelings were ostensibly insufficient to keep them together. They both pined after each other for a long but they didnt get together again. We cant bring forth the time and fix our mistakes, nobody can change the past. So it is extremely purposeless to explore the old times. Its just a waste of time which we can spend in creating the future.

Ethnic group Essay

Race in America is one of those subjects that scholars rarely broach and are heavily criticized for these omissions by their constituents. For this reason, the subject of race and urbanization felt a proper choice for this final paper. Following, we will incorporate selective information from multiple sources including Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner, a novel that examines the harrowing trials of different groups in Afghanistan and what happens to the ones lucky enough to escape the violence of their homeland into the safety net of American soil in an sample to show the inalienable link between race and urbanization.This discussion on urbanization and race in American will also include a brief discussion on classism. Classism is a part of the structural organization of society that can be calculated as part of the contributing factors to the socioeconomic divisiveness experience in this urbanized world. Some argue that gentrification, in all of its wonders is class establish. Oth ers argue it more a matter of ethnicity and race, both may be correct. Nevertheless(prenominal), the issue of race, as aforementioned should be granted a closer look.By examining the ideas and experiences of anthropologists and sociologists past and present this paper will attempt to specify on how classism, racism, and urbanization are connected. Growing Cities and Ghettos The Industrial Revolution sparked an enormous wave of migrants and immigrants into American cities creating an urban ecology. Chapter 3 of the Giddens et. al. text, describes the social movement from Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft from a community based ideology in society to a more individualized world. Afghanistan is an agriculturally based society.Urbanization is a global process that draws tidy sum away from rural areas and into the cities. once in those cities, people tend to gravitate to areas that are inhabited by people of their same cultural fabric. In discussing theories of urbanization, gentrification and displacement, John Bentacur (2010) in Gentrification and Community textile in Chicago points out how people are drawn to areas that have a cultural/ethnic connectivity, immigrants with different characteristics compete for space until they get accommodated with also others in locations that correspond to their competitive strengths (p 384).In the novel, The Kite Runner, Amir and his father make the arduous migration from Kabul, Afghanistan to Fremont, California. Their low income neighborhood of Fremont is ethnically diverse but with a notable concentration of Afghani residents. It makes sense that when people leave their countries of origin to settle in a new place, they will be drawn to people and areas that are familiar to them. Even with familiarity problems arise, urban studies reveal several difficulties that plague densely populated urban neighborhoods p overty, crime and dilapidated conditions to name a few.In Afghanistan Baba, Amirs father, was rich and even wielded s ome power for being a respected business man and serving the community by creating an orphans asylum that would later be destroyed by the Taliban regime. In America, there would be no such accolades to speak of for their family. In fact, they would live in a sign of poverty, they had never experienced nor hardly imagined. They would experience the existence that many black Americans face with no end in sight.A growing world macrocosm combined with globalization and the heightened mobility that comes with it has led to the creation of cities and a scramble for affordable housing. Gentrification also known as urban regeneration or re-urbanization is the process that happens in a community when it becomes urbanized and consists of the higher income families moving into lower income areas. During this process demographic changes are notable in America, gentrification is notably marked by ovalbumin families moving into black neighborhoods. Race and Ethnicity America is a multicultural nation.Our history of slavery cookd the black and white groups and the immigrant populations from around the world contributes to a high signifier of culture and ethnic background. The macro-sociological issue of race and ethnicity has been the source of much debate and discussion. The reason for this is that the issue of race has been the root cause of social and political turmoil. Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton win the backdrop in history when segregation by race was created in America in their book American Apartheid Segregation and the Making of the Underclass.Massey and Denton edify that racial segregation was not always a fact of life in American society and that in fact blacks and whites lived in close proximity to each other, albeit in the alley ways of the big homes occupied by their white neighbors, industrialization in the north unleashed a set of social, economic and technological changes that dramatically altered the urban environment in ways that promoted segregat ion between social groups (199319-26).Urbanization and technological advancement (causing blacks in the south to migrate to northern cities by the tens of thousands) would be the foundation for residential segregation where blacks and other minorities would be relegated to the outskirts of town. Black ghettos would remain isolated from society in a manner that was rarely, experienced by the European immigrants that came to this country during industrialization.Blacks and later, Latinos, would be destined to live isolated and neglected from social organizations and deprived from many of the benefits enjoyed by white communities with little fancy of escape, not only was the segregation of European ethnic groups lower, it was also temporary. Whereas Europeans isolation indices began to drop shortly after 1920, the spatial isolation characteristics of blacks had become a ageless feature of the residential structure of large American cities by 1940 (Massey and Denton 199357).In Americ a, race and ethnicity is more clearly defined than in places like Afghanistan. According to data gathered from the PBS News Hour website, Afghanistan has nine different ethnic groups that reside in different territories of the country. They have fought and continue to fight civil wars, over culture (religion), legislative power and territory. Afghanistan and the U. S. are similar in their historical oppression of one ethnic group over another. In Afghanistan, the Pashtun/Sunni have for a gigantic time ruled the land and claimed dominion over the Hazara/Shites.The Hazara group can be considered the equivalent to the Black demographic in America where historically they were the slave class, but are currently represented in government. Statistics In a rapidly modernizing world, Afghanistan is among the severely underdeveloped countries of the Middle East. As previously mentioned, Afghanistan is a multiethnic/multifaith, agriculturally based democracy, with a history of violence. And i t perhaps it is this history, in addition to deep religious belief systems that have kept this land from joining the recline of the modern world.In reviewing the Millennium Development Goals indicators, data collected by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), I reviewed several indicators that point to the fact that Afghanistan has a long road ahead. Afghanistan is making slow but sure progress trying to bring itself into a socially, politically and economically stable place. The first indicator measured the number of underweight children less than 59 months. The UNSD defines this indicator as a high number of moderately to severely underweight children, whose weights for age are less than two standard deviations.According to the report a healthy population will have 2. 3 per centum of their children in this category. In 2004, 32. 9 percent of Afghanistans children were reportedly underweight, compared to 44. 9 percent in 1997. This indicator points to the poverty level an d lack of nourishment recorded within a seven category period in Afghanistan. A second indicator measures womens rights and representation in government. This indicator is defined as, the portion of seats held by women in bailiwick parliament increased from 3. 7 percent in 1990 to 27.3 percent in 2006. The measurement was sustained through 2012 at 27. 7 percent. More cook needs to be done and educating the population should be the place to start. Theological Link The Modernization Theory discussed in the text looks to explain the underdevelopment of countries like Afghanistan. Marx demented about capitalism and the effects it had on the lower-class population and thereby, the democratic process. Marxs Conflict Theory dictates that societies are ruled by a runty group of elite that create social order for the larger population.In this, we have the creation of divisions by class (division of labor), a central topic of conference since the beginning of industrialized times. The F rench Revolution of 1787 (also known as the revolt of the bourgeois or middle-class society) creating capitalism and thereby usurping government power from monarchs. Karl Marx dislike democracy. Democracy is the road to socialism (Karl Marx) Capitalism created tensions between the working and bourgeois classes. Summary Race and urbanization are indivisibly linked. Marxism and Class Conflict is the most applicable theory of todays society.Considering the current events and status of world order, it is undeniable capitalism continues to be the most powerful ideology in the world. The United States is a powerful country and the way it retains power is by unwaveringly maintaining capitalistic ideology and participating in global conflict around the world in defense of this ideology, power, ideology, and conflict are always closely connected (Giddens 201220). Societies are based on trust and these trusts are broken by the people that create and uphold unjust rules for the population of color and the poor.Works Cited Betancur, John. 2010. Gentrification and community fabric in Chicago. Urban Studies Journal Foundation. Sage 48(2) 383 407. Retrieved from http//usj. sagepub. com/content/48/2/383 Giddens, Anthony, Mitchell Duneier, Richard P. Applebaum and Deborah Carr. 2012. inlet to sociology. New York W. W. Norton and Company. Eighth ed. , pp. 15-78. Massey, Douglas and Nancy A. Denton. 1993. The construction of the ghetto. Pp 17-59 in American Apartheid Segregation and the Making for the Underclass. Harvard University Press. Retrieved from http//ereserve. baruch. cuny. edu.remote. baruch. cuny. edu/eres/coursepage. aspx? cid=3155&page=docs United Nations Statistics Division. (1991-2011) Table Data on Gender Parity Index in Primary Enrollment retrieved November 5, 2012. Millenium Development Goals Indicators. Retrieved from http//mdgs. un. org/unsd/mdg/Metadata. aspx? IndicatorId=0&SeriesId=559 United Nations Statistics Division. (1991-2011) Table Data on Gen der Parity Index in Primary Enrollment retrieved November 5, 2012. Millenium Development Goals Indicators. Retrieved from http//mdgs. un. org/unsd/mdg/Metadata. aspx? IndicatorId=0&SeriesId=557.

Microsoft Corporation’s Strategy Essay

1. Executive SummaryMicrosoft is a estimator business company. It is famous for software program increases are the Microsoft Windows line of operating goerning bodys, Microsoft Office suite, and Internet Explorer wind vane browser. It is the worlds largest software maker measured by revenues. Also Microsoft has a new organic evolution outline inrecent year which access to smart-phone industry. Microsoft built on the partnership with Nokia since 2011, and the signifi freightertly increasing success of Nokias Lumia smart-phones. Microsofts purpose is to uptake the acceleration growth of its share and profit in meandering(a) devices through the speed innovation, addition synergies and centralized brand and mart.At that period for Nokia, this transaction was significantly accretive to earnings, strengthen its financial position, and provide a solid basis for investment in its continuing businesses. This acquisition pull up stakes promote competition, Microsoft offer competitiv e alternatives to Google and orchard apple tree which helped by integration of hardware and software. Also, Microsoft gains turn out cleverness which from key power to success in devices and services, it remains committed to working with partners in the windows & windows phone ecosystems. Moreover, the acquisition can benefit consumers, it has pulled crush Microsofts devices and services costs from development through the grocery and by gaining cost savings from Nokias.2. IntroductionMicrosoft Corporation is an American multinational company, and its mission statement is use human diversity and inclusive of ideas and solutions to satisfy the needs of its increasingly global and and diversification consumer base . Microsoft get into the smart-phone market would be a large-scale rate for it to develop more for its business, that is one of the reasons that purchasing Nokia in 2013. Microsofts acquired Nokia on 3rd September 2013 and announced that to used approximately $ 7.2 bil lion to purchase nigh all of Nokias mobile phone business which spent $ 5 billion on equipment and service departments, also paid $ 2.1 billion for re freshd unmingled. This narration aims to analyze the strategy of Microsoft acquisition of Nokia which included SWOT, also the analysis of PESTLE and five forces of the strategy, then finally would be the Value chain, the recommendation of its strategy and requital of competition. SWOT analyzes that after changed the strategy how to affect Microsoft as a good and bad way, also how it inspires more chances to develop the business, and any risk from this strategy.It shows that electronic produce industry competed in the firm. Secondly, the report condones the reason of Microsoft has to change strategy by political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal, allthose factors show that when strategy changed by Microsoft. Thirdly, this report will chide about Nokia entered into Microsoft is the strategic change the bus iness by using five forces it explains the current rivals and potential new entrants in the industry with the businesses change in strategy. Also, with the time value chain, the original Nokias technique skills open changed the organization and competencies. Finally, this report will talk about the future of this company development, it will tell core competence and innovation strategies are close likely to improve its absolute and relative performance in the next 3 to 5 years. With those analyses, this report will explain the details of this strategy from Microsoft, and both advantages and disadvantages by using this strategy for its future business.3. The Environment AnalysisWith technology great development, Apples produce iPhone and products to issue the market as Googles does have Android to compete in. Thurs made a decision with Microsoft acquired Nokia in 2013.3.1 SWOT Analysis3.1.1 StrengthsMicrosoft and Nokias huge bewitch in the worldMicrosoft Corporation is world l eader of personal computer software development also it currently is the worlds largest provider of computer software. At the same time, according to Steve Ballmer Microsoft Chief Executive (2013), Microsofts Windows occupy 91.49% sharing of the global PC operation system. Nokia has had powerful hardware design fantasy and abilities of manufacturing, also Nokias Lumia occupied approximately 82% of the market. So, acquisition of Nokia was a great record for Microsofts corporate strategy.Brand loyaltyMicrosoft has been managing operation systems and software provider, it establishes over 90 % of the PC operation systems market share. Most of mountain grew up with Microsofts operating system because of the easy manipulating and will use continually, there are not much brands can compete with it for those reasons. Even open source operating system it is totallyfree, suits ordinary users. simoleons of the mobile phone marketProfit is a big principle of Microsofts acquisition of Nokia. jibe to the US technology blog estimating, Microsoft earned 10 US dollars gross profit from each Lumia phone, but after the acquisition, the gross profit of Lumia has increased to over 40 US dollars, which mean that Microsoft can withhold the cost of acquisition of Nokia with 25 million Lumia phones be sold. 3.1.2 WeaknessesSaturated MarketMicrosoft approached too late to the smart-phones market, it has already saturated when Microsoft measuring stickped into. Most of the market shares have been taken by Apple and Android. According to Bamburic (2013), in 2013, Window brisk only occupied 2.9 % from the smart-phone market share, it is a bad record which compare with Apples 18.2 % and Androids 74.4 %.Innovate s misfortunatelyMicrosoft is difficult to ask people to accept the full-page system moved to a smart-phone operating in a short period. Although consumers have not totally approved Window Mobile, Microsoft still updates the mobile system slowly.3.1.3 OpportunitiesOffer Optio nAndroid occupies most of the market share of smart-phone, however the loyalty of Androids users are unstable, also Apples products are too expensive for consumers, with no more alternative for mobile system, Window mobile get a chance to attract those customers.FunctionalWith the developing Information Technology, people see mobile as a necessity, and mobile phone is not nevertheless a communication tool, consumers concern about the multi-function and the brand of mobile phone.3.1.4 ThreatsSubstitutiveThe threat of substitutive, same level of smart-phone will be the greatestsubstitutive of Microsoft, such as Samsung, LG, Sony unquestionable technology and internet, net communication also are the substitutive, such as E-mail, MSN, Skype.Limited Creative & CostThe inventive abilities of the whole industry are declining as Apple or Samsung. With the quick developed in these years, systems and function are getting homogeneous. This is the same problem for the whole industry. Moreov er, with the developing creative function, cost also is a main element to win the competition which how to spend less to do more.3.2 PESTLE Analysis macro instruction environmental influences on Microsoft are summarized with in following six categories to identify the key drivers for change.3.2.1 PoliticalThe US government concerns the investment in high tech industries and supports the development of high-tech enterprises which made the Mobile Enterprises starting the patent competition. Mobile manufacturers defray a large proportion of cost by the strict US patent system. Also America has the most complete and strict for mergers and acquisitions law.3.2.2 EconomicAmericas tertiary industry occupied for about 78 % of GDP, which the contribution of high-tech owned the most, the technology is crucial for the US which is the power source of economic development. The global economic crisis of 2008 caused a huge blow to the world economy, under the tinct of the economic crisis, Nokias share price fell sharply which just made a great offer for Microsoft to purchase as a low cost.3.2.3 SocialWith the development of the information age, people rely on mobile phones increasingly. By changing the concept of value as peoples lives changed as well, people do not see mobile as a communication tool at all, they attach importance to the multi-function and brand of the products. Consumers brand cognisance is getting stronger when they are selecting mobile phone.Smart-phones are no longer for teenage only, it turns to be public goods for everyone. With the smart-phone fashion rising slope, mobile phones have become a sign of renewal as a consumer, so the mobile phone market is very considerable.3.2.4 TechnologicalWalking in front of others is the only way to work in the high-tech field and the fierce market competition. High-tech products have rapid upgraded and short life cycle, it inspires higher requires to enterprises special application software and ability of conti nuing to update the hardware configuration. Nokia as a former mobile phone giant obviously hold numerous patents, specialized technical personnel and technical reserves the phone which is an advantage to help Microsoft to develop on smart-phone industry.3.2.5 LegalMicrosoft corporate supervised by laws, and it followed the laws which contain Labor law, intellectual keeping and the tax regime.3.2.6 EnvironmentalMicrosoft is an ecofriendly company, it is green IT and the company request customers to recycle the product which are used.3.3 Five forces3.3.1 Existing CompetitionsWith fierce competition in the electronics industry, Microsofts mobile is facing every kind of problems in development, smart-phones challenged from Apple and Google, also there has problems with products, research and development, marketing strategy and enterprise development strategy. Microsoft needs to jut its strategy as an universal key to open each locks.3.3.2 Threat of New EntrantNew entrant is a threat o f Microsoft. HP (Hewlett-Packard) purchased medallion mobile firm in 2010, HP was a global information technology company, main business focused on printers, computer and software. HP is just one of the new entrant, most of the famous computer industries involve as well, such asLenovo, Dell. They have stable trust on consumers and market in society, now they invade to mobile phone industry which is a serious threat for Microsoft.3.3.3 Threat of SubstitutesWith development of information technology and continuous improvement of peoples living standards, network, iPod and even digital cameras are more popular to substitute with phones by more functional and professional. As a get out, the substitutive has a definite threat to Microsoft.3.3.4 Power of BuyersThe products quality and quantity depends on the power of buyers. Nokias technique could not satisfy buyers enough to buy their products because of the lower level in the smart-phone market which cause buyers negotiate power are getting stronger. But Microsoft has good reputation and well system, after the acquisition of Nokia, it increases buyers confident of products which successfully stifle the bargaining power from buyers and raised profits.3.3.5 Power of SuppliersMobile phone suppliers had great competition before 2010, so enterprises picked very seriously of their suppliers which caused a low bargaining power in the market. After 2010, Apples products sold well and had significantly outstanding result which leaded to other enterprises profit sharply dropped down also suppliers got reduced by them at the same time. So Microsoft purchased Nokia at the right timing which earns a good bargaining power.4. The Value ChainAccording to Walters (2007), Microsoft knew that the company should have an efficient value chain and offering the customer great value with its products. People would discover that Microsofts value chain is solely integrated to crop-net which is their information technology infrastruct ure network. The management of central control and efficiency are brought by the integration with their technical capabilities, it allows them to use the minimum feat and minimum mistakes at the right time to make a rightdecision, thus value increased when cost saving. Microsoft provides software to them is minimal for need of logistics, because they can send the software through internet to the local agents. They also do customer services and maintenance by information technology, and they have to recruit, support, market, maintain, interview, finance, customer service, deliver, consult, advertise for the network.The development of technology is interior, there have the cost benefits of development and maintaining technology of value chain for compared to competitors. According to Johnson (2011), Porters Value Chain Model, gross profit has significantly increased after the Microsoft acquisition of Nokia. For the primary value chain activities, the inbound logistics of Microsoft allows Nokia to provide equipment, also the marketing and sale of Microsoft has many advertising computer program that can increase publicity and sales. Procurement area is an important part of the cooperation between Microsoft and Nokia. This development must source raw materials for the business and obtain the ruff price for doing so. The challenge for procurement is to obtain the best possible quality available on the market for their budget.At the same time, purchasing inputs that means it buys product cheaper from suppliers. Because of Microsofts core competence is the system software the development of mobile phone hardware is not completed. On the other hand, Nokias core competence has the good hardware system and stable suppliers source, so this result is becoming a win-win for both companies which reach the cost efficiency. Microsoft can directly use Nokias equipment to sell and reduce the costs, also it improves the margin. Figure 1 and Figure 2 shows that after Microsof t got the Nokia, both of them operating margin profit and market value increased. In summary, Value chain model defines the cost advantage after Microsoft acquisition of Nokia it achieves cost efficiency and associated with core competencies and capabilities in order to perform them better than do competitors.5. Retaliation of CompetitorsFacing acquisition of Nokia, current rivals and potential new entrants in mobile market which are Google, Apple and HP should do something to cut through with this Microsofts corporate-level strategy. As Burrows comment that Google and Apple did the same thing which is advertise their products. Forexample, Google-operated retail Web site, use Web meets phone as a statement for introducing. In terms of the five force, existing competitions will make a plan for strategic change form same industry, so new entrants does.6. RecommendationMobile space could be one of the serious problems for Microsoft in recent years. Windows Mobile platform is still dom inated by innovative in market, such as Apples iOS and Googles Android operating system. The plan of Microsoft to compete with those providers this year would be releasing Window Phone 7, although it is little bit late to the smart-phone market, Microsoft realizes what consumers really needed, and Window Phone 7 will be the best explanation in the next 3 to 5 years. Innovation has been a big issue for Microsoft, Windows is a special case as an innovative product when it first released, but Microsoft did not provide anything that even matching the innovation. Because of the competitors have developed more creative products, all companies want to be the main competitor in the high-tech space. Innovation is the most necessary element in the smart-phone market which Microsoft has to improve.7. ConclusionMicrosofts acquisition of Nokia is opportunities as well as challenges. As the analysis of opportunities and threats with Microsofts mobile phone business, for Microsoft entered lately t o the mobile market and the crash of the old mobile phone giant Nokia, how to achieve the advantage complementary through the merger of both sides, Microsoft has to put smart-phone system and PC operation system together as soon as possible to achieve the great new innovations of smart-phone. Microsoft has to be originality of mobile system for its business, it will be the big step for Microsoft to be success. Microsoft has been the dominant PC computer software manufacturer over years, but now the sales growth of the PC has slowed sharply because of consumers have been the turn of events to smart-phones and tablets. The sales of PCs expectation was 409 million units in 2011, it was a 15.9 % increased which lower than 18.1 % the previous estimate of the company.According to Research director of Gartner Ranjit Atwal (2013), thisresult reflects the weakening of consumer demand, the recent increase in shipment is expected to decline, increasing consumer interested in the iPad and oth er tablet PCs are the main factors leading to rising slowing sales growth of the PC in the long run. As Lomas comment that (2013), in the future of 2014, tablet will replace PC for over 10 % of sales, Microsoft and Intel believe that Windows software could attract a variety of users by the touch features, especially business users, and it inspires the development of Windows Tablet PC, touch-screen laptop and their products. Technology is the most influencing Macro environmental factor by the PESTEL analysis. Microsoft strategy through Bowmans clock as an explanation which both bases of differentiation and intended strategy for low price are detailed. Value chain diagnose the capabilities of the strategy as a tool, it proves that Microsoft strategy aligned well from this completed core. Also Microsoft had the abilities to resource the strategies by man power, technology, funds and information to win the position in the market.8. BibliographyAli-Yrkk,J., Kalm,M., Pajarinen, P., Rouvi nen, P., Seppala, T. and Tahvanainen, A.(2013). Microsoft Acquires Nokia Implications for the Two Companies and Finland. ETLA Brief Online Available From http//www.industriall-europe.org/Sectors/ICT/2013/ETLA-Nokia-%20MS-Muistio-Brief-16.pdf. Accessed 3rd September 2013Blandford, R. (2013). Why did Microsoft acquire Nokias Devices & Services business? Online Available From http//allaboutwindowsphone.com/features/item/18293_Why_did_Microsoft_acquire_Noki.php. Accessed 3rd September 2013Bamburic, M. (2013). What we know about Windows Phone 8.1 so far? Online Available Fromhttp//support.techlogic.net/index.php?/News/List/ superpower/134. Accessed 28th February 2014Burrows, P.(2010). Apple vs. Google. Businessweek. Online Available From http//cecs5580.pbworks.com/f/businessweek+Apple+vs+Google.pdf. Accessed14th January 2010BBC News. Microsoft to buy Nokias mobile phone unit.. Online Available From http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-23940171. Accessed 3rd September 2013BBC News. Microsoft -Nokia deal Analyst reaction.. Online Available From http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-23945652. Accessed 3rd September 2013CNET News. Microsoft to acquire Nokias device and services division. Online Available From http//news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57601025-75/microsoft-to-acquire-nokias-device-and-services-division/. Accessed 2nd September 2013Guy, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship and the value chain Importance, risks and suggestions. Advances in Management. 4(6). Pp.63-65.Johnson, G., Scholes, K., and Whittington, R. (2011). Exploring Corporate Strategy. FT Prentice Hall. Harlow.Lomas, N. (2013). Tablets To Grow 53.4% This Year, Says Gartner, As The Traditional PC declines 11.2%. Online Available From http//techcrunch.com/2013/10/21/tablets-vs-pcs/. Accessed 21th October 2013Microsoft Corporation. (2104).Company profile. Online Available From http//finance.yahoo.com/q/co?s=MSFT+CompetitorsMicrosoft to acquire Nokias devices & services business, license Nokias patents and mapping service s. Online Available From http//www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/2013/sep13/09-02announcementpr.aspx. Accessed 3rd September 2013Ovide,S. (2013). Deal Is Easy Part for Microsoft and Nokia. Online Available From http//online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100014241278873244324045790521127313496

Effect of Exercise Training During Lactation Essay

The article chose review is Effect of mold training on loss of arise mineral parsimoniousness during lactation. The purpose of this tuition was to determine whether exercise slows bone loss from four to twenty postpartum. The problem was that during lactation women move breast milk. After finishing breast feeding bone volume usually returns to pre pregnancy but not in all and this is the problem. The participants were healthy ,nonsmoking , sedentary ,exclusively breast feeding women with a body mass indicator of twenty to thirty kg.m.women were not allowed to join if they had cesarean delivery or if the exercise more than two days a week three months before. there were twenty participants all together. They all were cleared by a physician before participating.The instruments and test used for this try was for the body composition and bone parsimony they used a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. For the assessment of cardio respiratory fitness and strength a sub maximal grade d treadmill test was used. For the assessment of dietary intake by twenty four hour recall over the telephone using the nutrition data system for research software. For exercise encumbrance women were randomly assigned to either an EG or a CG. For the statistical analysis data were analyzed with JMP software.The testing procedures were with the body composition a whole- body was condition three times a week and a step phantom were given one day a week .With the assessment cardio respiratory fitness and strength did sub maximal graded treadmill test were used. Exercise intervention used a complete sixteen week home ground exercise program. The results were The EG lost a atomic reactor less LS BMD than CG. They were no great differences in total body and hip BMD. Both groups loss fat mass but, EG lost less lean body mass. Maximal strength increased by 34% to 221% for EG in the CG changed from -5.7% to 12%. These results suggest that resistance and aerobic exercise may slow bone los s during lactation.In these experiments I felt like some of the strengths were that this was a good experiment to do. That it would help a lot of women because a lot of women have babies during the time that they are trying to build up bone density. I also like how in depth the experiment went. Strength was that they gave them specific training program that they can do from home. Which I feel is extremely master(prenominal) especially to new born moms. This article is important to me because I myself want to be a mom some day and bone density is important to me .My grandmother has osteoporosis so increasing my bone density is very important to me. I think I can use this in my future profession by informing my pregnant patients and mothers that are already breast feeding about this and showing them ways to improve bone density.Work CitedLovelady,C.a,Bopp,M.J,Colleran,H.J,Mackie,H.k.Wideman,L(2009). Effect of Exercise Training on Loss of Bone mineral Density during Lactation.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,41(10),1902-1907. http//journals.lww.com/acsm msse/Fulltext/2009/10000/Effect_of_Exercise_Training_on_Loss_of_Bone.10.aspx

Multicultural Communication

In this clip, the ISRC (International Committee of the Red Cross discuss how the Red Cross performs humanitarian aid within the political climate and upheaval of the unexampled world. Members of the board include someone from Great Britain, Switzerland, France, and Belgium. The discussion between persons from different countries and cultures is a fascinating watch to see how influence, negotiation, and immunization takes place at the highest levels.Liking They both communicate very formally, sometimes clumsily, in English. Several elements of influence are demonstrated. At the conclusion of her opening remarks, Bea Ivanhoe, Director of the ISRC Visitor Service Center, refers to Peter spread out as his Excellency. This is not common language, but in a formal, eastern European setting, this provides Mr.. Manure a form of Authority. When one leader refers to another in this manner, it makes clear to the audience that Mr.. Manure likes the presenter, and his credibility can easily tra nsfer in the audiences mind..Liking is delineate as a principle that holds that people are much likely to be influenced by those whom they like or with whom they have similarities (Localhost & Burton, 2010). When introducing Mr.. Manure, Ms. Ivanhoe actually nods her head in subjection as well. Social Proof Alexander Basel begins his dialect in his native French when speaking to his immediate superiors. However, when opening remarks begin to be addressed to the general audience, he transfers to English. This is a way of demonstrating social confirmation hat he is well respected by his compatriots, and therefore should be respected by other on the panel and in the audience.Social proof is defined as a principle of influence that states people are more likely to want to do some affaire if they believe that many others are doing the same thing or buying the same product (Localhost & Burton, 2010). Reciprocation When the panel begins its discussion, Mr.. Manure discusses how Profess or Musses Capita mentioned that the ISRC is successful because it runs away from politics. Mr.. Manure compliments Professor Capita on his expertise, then disagrees to say that the ISRC works within the confines of the political landscape, but does not run from it.This compliment then disagree is all done without emotion, and done in the same way that DRP. Capita speaks, this is a form of reciprocation. As defined, reciprocation is a principle of influence that states people are more likely to say yes in like manner request when the requester has done something for that person in the past (Localhost & Burton, 2010). Non-verbal Communication & Conformity Antonio Gestures (Portugal) begins his discussion with much more facial expressions ND hand gestures than the remainder of the board.When asked questions, he uses his body language to appear humble in his responses and positions. This non-verbal communication gives an appearance of conformity, and shows he is not one to rebel again st the group.

Prejudice and Discrimination Essay

Prejudice as defined by John E Farley is that harm refers to a positive or a damaging attitude or belief directed toward certain slew based on their membership in a particular chemical root word. The root word of damage is pre-judge. It is a set of attitudes which causes, supports, or justifies discrimination. (Farley, 2000, p18). in that respect ar three components of parti pris which describe the different elements associated with it. Affectual ones inner feeling which nates be the impart of incitement and are in accordance with batchs likes and dislikes.Behavioural the way heap action their belief systems causing them to guide in a certain way. Cognitive the preconceived beliefs or expectations and withdraws stereotyping which usually are negative. Discrimination elicit be defined as the making of, a for or against action towards a person based on group, class, or a category to which they belong, rather than judge a person on their virtuousness . This is the exte rnal representation of internal prejudice. Baron and Byrne (1997) defined discrimination as negative behaviours directed towards people who are the object of prejudice.Allport (1954) suggests that there are five stages of discrimination. Anti-locution would include incitement by speech for example racially motivated or sectarian jokes. Avoidance where failing to include people without considering their capabilities bureau people in minority groups are continuously avoided by the individuals of the majority group. Although no harm is meant, harm is still done through isolation. Discrimination comprises of a denying opportunities to a minority group or person with the intent of talk overly pr stock-stillting them from receiving services or goals such as education and employment.Physical Attack involves the deliberate vandalising of or violent attacks on individuals and their property. Extermination is ethnic cleansing in an attempt to annihilate an entire race of peoples. (Allport, 1954, p71) It is difficult to distinguish the differences in the relationship between prejudice and discrimination. Our emotions and evaluations of others essentially reflects our prejudices, whereas rejection and concerns of acceptance describe our discriminations. hence someone who shows discrimination may non be prejudice.(Wagstaff, 2005, p1). Prejudice is a person or group attitude which may or may not develop into discrimination. It is an attitude as opposed to an action. Discrimination is not always the depart of prejudice. There are cases where prejudice is not pick outed for discrimination whilst the fair play prevents prejudice from becoming discrimination forthwith this was not always the case. In some cases the law makes people discriminate, whether they feel prejudice or not. (Haralambos & Rice, 2002, p272).An example of this was LaPierres take on which examined willingness to display prejudice and discrimination to a Chinese couple at a time of anti-oriental sent iment. He travelled across America with the couple, in total they visited over 250 establishments and were refused service only once. After returning home LaPierre sent letter to all the establishments visited asking if they would serve members of the Chinese race 91% replied no they would not. Critics have also kingdomd that the letters may have gone to the managers or owners of the establishments who may have been prejudiced themselves while staff were not.Furthermore they may also have thought they were reflecting the wishes of their guests. Another reason they may have been served is because LaPierre accompany them. The couple spoke excellent English, they were well presented and courteous this could all financial aid towards macrocosm accepted as guests. There are many flaws in this take but it does show there are differences between prejudice and discrimination. (Haralambos & Rice, 2002, p272). A school teacher Elliot (1977) conducted an look into in order to help unders tand the effects of prejudice and discrimination.The firstly day the class of nine year olds were told children with blue eyes were outstanding to the children with brown eyes. The brown eyed children were to be kept in their place by the blue eyed children and restrictions rigid upon them such as standing last in line. The brown eyed childrens behaviour changed they did not do as well in school work and became depressed and angry, the blue eyed students became mean made derogatory statements and oppressed the other children. The avocation day the teacher told them she had made a mistake it was the brown eyed children who were superior.When reversed there were the same outcomes. Elliot (1977) said I watched what had been marvellous, cooperative, wonderful, thoughtful children turn into nasty, vicious, groovy little third-graders in a space of fifteen minutes. (Positiveschools,n. d. ) Even though follow up of these children suggested they were more tolerant of differences betw een groups and actively opposed discrimination. (positiveschools, n. d. ). provided critics argue the study lacked validity as it was not scientific and she had not put in place adequate protection for the children.Authoritarian temper, realistic group conflict and social identity are three theories that are considered to be the foundations of prejudice and discrimination. According to Adorno et al. (1950) Authoritarian personality guess is based primarily on psychoanalytic principles, and proposes that prejudices most likely to arise in families that try to enforce conventional values through harsh discipline (Wagstaff, 2005, p3). According to this theory, because of guilt and dismay of punishment, children reared in such environments cannot register their frustration and aggression towards the legitimate target their parents.Growing up with no freedom of choice builds up frustration that leads to the dictator person looking for someone that is weaker who they can take out the ir frustrations on them in the form of prejudice or discrimination. This is referred to as displaced aggression. They are unable to say what they feel to the parents. Adorno created the f-scale as a way of measuring the prejudice of the authoritarian person. Various questionnaires which measured a persons attitudes of the authoritarian personality.The meter were high but the questions were written in a manner that would have people answer even if it is not what they think yes-people an example question was Do you think your employers should hire Negros? (Allport, 1954, p76). The sample Adorno used was biased as there was not a broad enough range of people in it, it was chiefly 2000 middle classes no Jewish white Americans. All ages and classes should be represented and in a larger sample. The right wing authoritarianism scale has now replaced the f scale and asks questions such as Is it easy to understand the anger of black people in America? (McConahay, 1986, p125). One persons personality cannot explain how whole societies become prejudice. This theory does not explain for example how large groups such as Nazi Germany and other countries where sof 2od genocide has interpreted place all became prejudice. Billing (1976) states that if prejudice it a personality characteristic then some people would be more prejudice than others. Also Altemeyer (1988) produced proof that authoritarianism stems from adolescence rather than childhood, adolescents who imitated the parents authoritarian personalities got rewarded for it.He also found that social attitudes more than personality attitudes contributed to authoritarian personality. (Haralambos & Rice, 2002, p274). Pettigrew (1959) believes it is conformity to the group norm that is responsible for mass prejudice rather than a type of personality. Altemeyer (1988) found social changes produced more increases in authoritarian scores. Pettigrew (1958) carried out a comparison of four southern state towns, evidence s upported white southerners were more prejudiced against African Americans than white northerners.Was this because there are a larger number of authoritarian personalities or a difference in cultural norms? He argued that prejudice can be depicted through cultural norms than on personality. He found that northern conformists were slight prejudiced than southern conformist his findings were based on the personality questionnaire. (Haralambos & Rice, 2002, p275). Levels of authoritarianism were found to be the same in federation Africa as America, yet South Africa had a lot more prejudice because of cultural and political factors. (Gross, 2012, p49).Realistic group conflict theory states conflict arises between groups as a result of struggles that occur when two groups are in rivalry with one another for limited resources or want to achieve the same goals. Muzafer Sherif et al (1961) devised an experiment to study the relationships between competition and prejudice. There were twent y two middle class eleven to twelve year old sons based at Robbers Cave State Park summer camp. They were assigned into two groups. Activities were assigned to each group to develop a sense of belonging.At the end of the first week the two groups were introduced. They immediately showed signs of territoriality and fighting in sued. Tournaments with prizes were then engineered between the groups. At the end of the week the boys rated themselves in their own group as superior and even boys in the group who had been previously rated low were elevated. The other group were considered to be cheats and cowards. Attempts were then made to reduce the conflict in which the groups had to work together. A consequence for pursuing these goals was that the groups became friendlier towards one another.Sherrif et.als study showed that the boys acted differently towards one another depending on the situation they were in. When in competition they felt dislike, hatred and when placed in a setting wi th common goals friendships were forged. It would be interesting to see the results of the study had it been all girls, this was not a fair study as it was not a representative of all groups in society therefore it is a bias sample. The surroundings of the study were not consistent with every day. This experiment shows how competition for different resources can generate prejudice and that competition can degenerate into hostility and conflict.Tyerman & Spencer (1983) contradicted Tajfels theory they observed a group of English boy scouts who knew each other before camp. They were divided into four groups and placed into similar competition as in the robbers cave. The boys reactions to this did not change they remained friendly and in group solidarity did not increase. This suggests competition is not sufficient alone for inter group conflict. (Gross, 2012, p391-392). This theory gives a more practical, offering a more social vertex of view to prejudice. Where this theory does make more sense there are some issues with it.For example not all groups that compete with each other result in prejudice and discrimination. Tajfel et al. (1971) spy that in a number of experiments it was not necessary for competition to be present between groups for there to be prejudice. They discovered just existence a member of the in group as opposed to what they considered to be the out group was enough to produce prejudice. Locksley et al (1980) went get along than Tajfel by informing the participants they were being randomly assigned by a coin toss, meaningless names given and even with these conditions there was a soaked in group preference.According to Brown (1988) dozens of studies throughout the world with a range of participants from all ages and both sexes, concluded that merely allotting people into groups leads to judgements and behaviours being biased and discriminative. It was this discovery that led to the basis for social identity theory. Fiske (2004) believes t his theory describes prejudice and discrimination more palpably. Realistic group conflict theory does help explain increases in prejudice in war torn countries.Social identity theory states that discrimination and prejudice are only possible if people are categorised into groups so that they identify and develop a sense of belonging. Given that our self-image is important to us, we get hold of for this to be positive. Social image comes from social identity. Therefore people view the groups to which they belong as positive. They make comparisons between their group and others and believe their group to be superior to the others, leading to discrimination in choose of their own group and have a negative view of other groups.The assumption is therefore that Prejudice and discrimination result from group identification and the need for a positive image. Tajfel believed mankind are motivated to make sense of the world around them, he thought this was done through a make for of catego risation, assimilation and coherence but these processes do not explain prejudice, he later rose to more points that much of personal identity comes from social groups and that we strive for self-esteem. In Tajfels study a group of strangers who had no contact with each other were randomly split into two groups.In one experiment participants were asked to give out money, they favoured their own group even if it meant losing money participants identified with their group and had a clear bias with the other group. Social identity theory states prejudice is inevitable. (Haralambos & Rice, 2002, p277). Another experiment Tajfel performed was to show boys a painting by Klee and Kandinsky and asked which they preferred. The boys were given money to dispense, the boys gave the money to the fans of the picture that they preferred, this showed immense loyalty to their in group, even though they did not know one another.(Fiske, 2008, p15) Social identity theory explains a persons need for a p ositive identity does involve stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice, this leads to an in group situation where the in group are seen as positive and is the reverse for the negative and its out groups. Though on a larger scale this theory does not explain extreme forms of prejudice, relationships between groups are not just about being seen positively but they can be for reasons such as a power, money and scarce resources, these can lead to prejudice and discrimination.In Pakistan we are lead to believe the Taliban are representing its people and they are fighting for their freedom. That westerners are there to help the people. Yet when eleven year old Malala Yousafzai spoke out and wrote a blog for the B. B. C. it resulted in her being shot in the head. Malala does not want to play to some western-backed or Taliban-loved separate. She shows us all there are voices out there that need to be heard, if only to help the country find democracy that is for and from the people, all t he people. (BBCNews,2012,p1). This cannot be put down to social identity theory.This theory is able to explain stereotypes prejudice and discrimination and all are seen as a need in the individual for a positive identity. Preferences lead to the positive in group stereotype and therefore will lead to prejudice and discrimination which will favour the in group but will be the opposite for the out group there by producing negative discrimination towards the out group. Social identity theory does not explain extreme forms of prejudice Brown and Lunt (2002) state how a theory based on attitudes, such as in-group favouritism can, explain the systematic slaughter of millions in Nazi death camps?This theory concentrates on two groups the in group and the out group with two groups it is easy to create a them and us situation but what happens when a third or quarter group is introduced there will not be the same polarisation and therefore the same bias will not be created. Conclusion both( prenominal) researchers believe prejudice is caused by a fear of strangers or change, while others see it as a type of chauvinism regarding issues such as nationalism or religion. However there is general agreement that prejudice is learned.It is safe to say that no one theory can explain all areas of prejudice and discrimination. However they all contribute to giving us some understanding as to how prejudice and discrimination become part of our society. Fiske (2008) is working on a theory which suggests we are born prejudiced. She has been observing brain activity using M. R. I scanners, studying the amygdala region which is the fear response of the brain. This is triggered when we judge people or events we deem threatening Fiskes findings suggest are conscious try getting the sub conscious to stop unwanted prejudices. (Fiske, 2008, p16).

International Joint Venture Stakeholders

As for the media reports on possible child labor and substandard wages, lets rec exclusively an old newspaper truism Never pick fights with anyone who buys ink by the barrel. That is, as a CEO, I would not pick fights with the media, hardly to act promptly, discuss the issue with the CEO of Mitsamatsu, and reject the inaccurate news without casting blame. There is no doubt that whichever the decision I make will ultimately effects the shareholders. However, it would beneficial in all aspects to join Mitsamatsu company if they are truly a legit corporation it could excessively deport a very negative effect if the tutelage are true.Joint take a chance with Mitsamatsu with profit shareholders if it is a legit company, but if indeed the accusation is true, it could compromise the U. S. -based corporation for the worse. I would first hold off on any commitments until all the detail are on the table and there is clear evidence there are no illegal and/or immoral activities taking place. A meeting with the appropriate officials would definitely be the agenda and once clarifications are made, the appropriate decisions could be acted upon. Not only the shareholders will be affected with the decision, it will also directly affect the employees of the U.S. corporation. Without clarification with evidence the employees would suffer anxiety and depression, also feel in a state of instability, because their future would depend on the concluding decision of the joint risk. If joint menace is legit and processed, it could mean more jobs and even expanded opportunities for advancement of position and pay for the current employees. But if joint venture goes through and indeed the accusations are true and the news hits the markets and the stocks, it could lead to a lot of redness in profits, which would in turn mean more cuts, and loss of jobs.In order to keep employees from going into panic mode and spreading rumors and decreasing productivity and increasing erro rs, I would see up a temporary part to address the employees needs and to answer all their questions. Also a department relaying up to date information to employees and shareholders would keep everyone at easy and abreast with all the new developments so they do not waste time looking for untrue information elsewhere. The decision could also affect employees in Asia. Joint venture could also mean more jobs in Asia and maybe even higher pay for them and more positions available.If joint venture does not go through and accusation are true, it may mean a lot of employees in that company may end up losing their jobs as hale. Even though they may have not been being paid enough they were still making money to make ends meet and that cut could be detrimental to the employees there as well as their families. They may even get reimbursed for loss or unfair pay in the past if appropriate legal actions can be taken, but some employees live day to day for just even food in outside countries and the delay of income may also affect them negatively.If the joint venture is made there may be opportunities for employees from the US working in ASIA but under unstandardized conditions, which may not be at the best care of the employees. True, sending employees to Asia will open up more job positions, but it will be very risky if there are no standards set there. A good corporation at the end of the day wants what is best for their shareholders and employees.

Simmel, Marx, and Mead

After reading the specified passage 8, pages 101-108, I sat back and thought close to who and what we birth studied this semester. The information in the passage connected with three of the five major sociological minds that we have studied Simmel, Marx, and Mead. The beginning of the passage duologue some immigrants starting a new life in a new place, and what we a Ameri freighters presuppose about it, which reminds me of Georg Simmel. A lot of the passage talks about how class and jobs relate to ane another, which made me think of Karl Marx. unriv altogethered part of the passage discusses what Barbie is for little girls, which reminds of George Herbert Mead. I think that it is clear that these three sociological minds influenced split of this section of Barbie Culture. Rogers gives the Statue of Liberty as an example of an icon. She talks about what it represents for Americans. To us it represents political freedom and atomic pile democracy (independence), this same icon has become a harbinger of a society supposedly commit to teeming masses of needy, if not desperate, immigrants (dependence).Rogers goes on to say that Americans see foreign-born newcomers as threats to their society. Fearful of the exotic lifeways and multiple tongues of these international migrants, such Americans commonly invoke sentiments seemingly incompatible with this cherished icon (Rogers 101-102). Pampel talks a lot about how Simmel felt about the way he and other Judaic mickle were treated when they moved to Germany and into its big cities, and how most Germans tried to keep them from gaining any power or status.One example that Pampel gives is universities placed limits on the number of Jewish professors they would promote although about 12 percent of lecturers came from Jewish backgrounds, only about three percent reached he position of tenured professor (Pampel 131). Simmel was held back at almost everywhere he taught. Nearly everyone that heard his lectures like h im and what he thought about things and how he broke things up and made sense out of them. He should have been tenured way beforehand he finally was, but because of racist conceives of him he was not, no matter how brilliant he was.Pampel writes a lot about Marx and what he thought about the inhumane working conditions. Pampel tells us how Marxs view on why things were the way they were. Mattels hierarchy grows wider as one descends the ladder (Rogers 102). Marx knew that there were a lot more proletariat (workers) than there were bourgeoisie (owners of the capital). Everyone wanted as much bullion as they could get. Nobody really cared how the workers that were actually making the products lived or even felt. Marx felt that the key concept to all of that is social class.Society is both enabling and constraining. It en suitables few people to make a lot of money and the major decisions that affect everyone and constrains most people to just do as they are told. The workers had to work with secondary pay and in bad working conditions just to make enough money to survive. They really had no choice. Marxs perspective is called conflict theory, and classes are always going to be in conflict with one another. Last but not least, Rogers talks about how or why Barbie came to be.Ruth and Elliot animal trainer were on vacation in Switzerland with their son, Ken, and their daughter, Barbara. They were out shopping when they came across the Lilli doll, which was a German doll that came from a vignette strip and that was mostly marketed to men as a sex symbol. Barbara Handler was fascinated with the doll, and Ruth Handler claims to have seen it as a perspective reckonthing for girls past the baby-doll stage (Rogers 103). Ruth must have thought that girls still needed a doll to play with so that they still had a variety of learning tool, even though they had out grown baby-dolls.Mead thought that toys/dolls could be used for role-playing, which really helped in the process of becoming ones social self. Children could adopt the roles and attitudes of the doll. They act out and assume the roles of others in their imaginations. This role-playing helps children develop a better sense of the meanings and attitudes held by other people (Pampel 194). Once children learn these things they can start forming their own opinions about things and really become and individual. Simmel taught us that the world is not fair.Even though he was a brilliant man and had a lot to offer the world, he was not able to because of racism and stupid people. Marx thought that society could be a great thing, but at the same time it could hold people back and make a lot of people miserable. Mead said that dolls play an important part in becoming a functioning member of society by luck children learn to develop their own attitudes and opinions as well as respect the attitudes and opinions of others. These three men contributed a lot to form the great sociological world that we have today.

Relational Databases

CHAPTER 4 RELATIONAL DATABASES SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS4. 1 Contrast the pellucid and the physical find of information and discuss why separate opinions be necessary in infobase applications. Describe which perspective is nigh utilizeful for each of the following employees a programmer, a animal trainer, and an internal auditor. How will understanding logical data social systems assist you when designing and using database dusts?4. 2 Databases atomic number 18 possible because of their database management system (DBMS). As shown in Figure 4. 2, the DBMS is a software program that sits between the actual data stored in the system and the application programs that use the data. As shown in Figure 4. 4, this allows exploiters to separate the port they view the data (called the logical view) from the way the data is actually stored (the physical view). The DBMS interprets the users requests and guesss, manipulates, or stores the data as motivatinged. The two clear-cut views separate the applications from the physical information, providing increased flexibility in applications, improved data security, and ease of use.In a database system, the manager will rarely need to understand or be familiar with the physical view of the data. Nor, in or so instances, will the internal auditor and the programmer as most everything they do involves the logical view of the data. If accountants understand logical data structures and the logical view of the data, they are better able to manage, use, and audit a database and its data. 4. 2 The relational data model re premises data as being stored in tables. Spreadsheets are other tool that accountants use to employ a tabular representation of data.What are close to similarities and differences in the way these tools use tables? How might an accountants familiarity with the tabular representation of spreadsheets facilitate or hinder acquisition how to use a relational DBMS? A major difference b etween spreadsheets and databases is that spreadsheets are designed primarily to handle numeric data, whereas databases back tooth handle both text and numbers. Consequently, the query and sorting capabilities of spreadsheets are much more limited than what can be accomplished with a DBMS that has a best query language.Accountants familiarity with spreadsheets might hinder their ability to design and use relational DBMS because many an(prenominal) link up in spreadsheets are preprogrammed and designed in, whereas a well-designed relational database is designed to facilitate ad-hoc queries. Accountants familiarity with spreadsheets sometimes leads them to use a spreadsheet for a task that a database could handle much better. Over the years, the Journal of Accountancy has published a number of very good articles on how to use databases and when to use databases and when to use spreadsheets. These articles can be make on the Journals website http//www. ournalofaccountancy. com/4. 3 Some people believe database technology may steal the need for double-entry accounting. This creates three possibilities (1) the double-entry model will be abandoned (2) the double-entry model will not be utilise directly, but an external-level schema based on the double-entry model will be defined for accountants use or (3) the double-entry model will be retained in database systems. Which alternative do you think is most belike to occur? Why? There is no correct answer to this question because it is asking the bookman to express his opinion on what will happen in the future.Therefore, the quality of his answer depends on the justifications provided. honourable answers should greet the followingDatabase technology does permit abandonment of double entry, but there will likely be great resistance to such a radical change. Thus, students choosing this option need to present reasons why they think such a radical change would succeed.The use of a schema for accountants seems qu ite plausible. It does decease the redundancy of double entry from the database system, yet it still provides a framework familiar and useful to accountants and pecuniary analysts.There is a good possibility that double entry will remain, even in databases, due to inertia. Indeed, many modern AIS, such as ERP systems, use databases but also retain the principles of double entry.4. 4 relative DBMS query languages provide easy access to information about the organizations activities. Does this typify that online, real-time processing should be used for all transactions? Does an organization need real-time financial radicals? Why or why not? lt/paragtlt/questiongtlt/general-occupationgtlt/problemsetgt On-line real-time processing is not necessary for every business transaction.For ex international amperele, batch processing is adequate for payroll there is little need for the data to be current except on payday. Real-time financial statements are useful for cooking and provide m anagement with better ability to react to changes in the environment. Nevertheless, real-time financial statements may present distorted pictures of reality if accruals come been ignored or not properly recognized.4. 5 Why is it so important to have good data? Bad data costs businesses over $600 billion a year. Some people estimate that over 25% of business data is inaccurate or incomplete. In addition, incorrect database data can lead to bad decisions, embarrassment, and angry users. The text illustrated this with the following examples For quite some time, a company sent half its catalogs to incorrect addresses. A manager finally investigated the large book of account of returns and guest complaints and corrected the customer addresses in the database.He saved the company $12 million a year. Valparaiso, atomic number 49 used the county database to develop its tax rates. After mailing the tax notices, it was discovered that a $121,900 home was valued at $400 million. Due to th e $3. 1 million property tax revenue shortfall, the city, the school district, and governmental agencies had to make severe budget cuts. Managing data is not going to get any easier as the cadence of data generated and stored doubles every 18 months.4.6 What is a data dictionary, what does it contain, and how is it used? contains information about the structure of the database. Table 4-1 shows that there is a record in the dictionary describing each data element. The DBMS maintains the data dictionary, whose inputs include new or deleted data elements and changes in data element names, descriptions, or uses.Outputs include traces for programmers, designers, and users. These reports are used for system documentation, database design and implementation, and as part of the audit trail.4. 7 Compare and contrast the file-oriented access and the database approach. Explain the main advantages of database systems. Information about the attributes of a customer, such as name and address, are stored in fields. Fields contain data about one entity (e. g. , one customer). Multiple fields form a record. A set of related records, such as all customer records, forms a file (e. g. , the customer file).A set of interrelated, centrally coordinated files forms a database. illustrates the differences between file-oriented and database systems. In the database approach, data is an organizational resource that is used by and managed for the entire organization, not just the originating department. A database management system (DBMS) is the interface between the database and the miscellaneous application programs.The database, the DBMS, and the application programs that access the database through the DBMS are referred to as the Database systems were developed to address the proliferation of keep down files. This proliferation created problems such as the same data stored in two or more master files. This do it difficult to integrate and update data and to obtain an organizati on-wide view of data.LimitAccount Balance 4. 2Most DBMS packages contain data definition, data manipulation, and data query languages. For each of the following, indicate which language would be used and why. 1. A database administrator defines the logical structure of the database The DDL this is the language used to define the database. b. The controller requests a cost accounting report containing a list of all employees being paid for more than 10 hours overtime in a given week. The DQL this is an example of a query. c. A programmer develops a program to update the fixed-assets records stored in the database.The DML this is the language used to actually process transaction data and update the database. d. The human resources manager requests a report noting all employees who are retiring within five years. The DQL another example of a task that involves querying the database. e. The lineage serial number field is extended in the muniment records to allow for recognition o f additional inventory items with serial numbers containing more than 10 digits. The DDL and the DML the creator to alter the structure, the latter to make the change. f. A user develops a program to print out all purchases made during the past two weeks.The DQL this listing can be produced by a query. g. An additional field is added to the fixed-asset records to record the estimated salvage value of each asset. The DDL and the DML the former to add the field, the latter to enter data in it. 4. 3Ashton wants to store the following data about SampSs purchases of inventory item numberdate of purchase vendor numbervendor address vendor namepurchase determine quantity purchasedemployee number employee namepurchase order number descriptionquantity on hand extended amounttotal amount of purchase a. envision a set of relational tables to store this data.Do all of the data items need to be stored in a table? If not, which ones do not need to be stored and why do they not need to be st ored? b. Identify the primary key for each table. c. Identify the foreign keys needed in the tables to implement denotive integrity. Table Name Primary Key Foreign Keys Other Attributes Inventory degree Number Description measuring stick on Hand Purchases Purchase order number Vendor numberPurchasing Agent (employee number) Date of purchaseTotal amount of purchase Purchases-Inventory Item numberPurchase order number Quantity purchasedUnit cost (actual)Extended amount Vendor Vendor number Vendor nameVendor address Employees Employee number Employee name Extended amount and Total amount of purchase do not have to be stored in the database as they can be calculated from other values. Extended amount is Quantity purchased x Unit cost. Total amount of purchase is the sum of all the extended amounts for all items on a particular purchase order, d. Implement your tables using any relational database product to which you have access.Test your precondition by entering sample data in each table. f. Create a few queries to retrieve or analyze the data you stored. There is no solution to parts d through f as students will select different software packages and come up with different queries. 4. 4Retrieve the SampS In-Chapter Database (in Microsoft Access format) from the texts Web site (or create the tables in a relational DBMS product).NOTE In order to get a list of lenders without duplicates the property sheet of the query inescapably to be modified by setting the value of the Unique determine property to Yes. This can be seen in the screenshot on a lower floor. The property sheet is found under the Design tab of the ribbon. Setting Unique Values to Yes is the equivalent of entering the DISTINCT keyword in SQL select statements. interrogate Result f. Which borrower requested the largest mortgage? Query Notice that in the Design section on the ribbon, you must set the Return value to 1 (located in the Query Setup group).This indicates to Access to only return the top result. See the image below for a screenshot of this. Query Result g. Which borrower requested the smallest mortgage? Query Query Result As with problem 4-10-f, you must set the Return value to 1 in the Design section of the ribbon (located in the Query Setup group). This indicates to Access to only return the top result. See the image below for a screenshot of this. SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO THE CASES 4. 1As in all areas of information technology, DBMSs are constantly

The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening Chapter Seven

Bonnie was on the dance floor, eyes shut, letting the medicament flow with her. When she opened her eyes for an instant, Meredith was beckoning from the sidelines. Bonnie thrust her chin out mutinously, but as the gestures became more insistent she rolled her eyes up at Raymond and obeyed. Raymond followed. bland and Ed were behind Meredith. Matt was scowling. Ed was looking uncomfortable.Elena just left-hand(a), verbalize Meredith.Its a free bucolic, said Bonnie.She went with Tyler Smallwood, said Meredith. Matt, are you real you didnt hear w here they were going?Matt move his head. Id say she deserves whatever keeps-but its my fault, too, in a course, he said bleakly. I guess we ought to go after her.Leave thedance ? Bonnie said. She looked at Meredith, who mouthed the wordsyou promised . I dont believe this, she muttered savagely.I dont know how well find her, said Meredith, but weve got to try. so she added, in a strangely hesitant parting, Bonnie,you dont happen to kn ow where she is, do you?What? No, of course not Ive been dancing. Youve heard of that, havent you what you go to a dance for?You and Ray gentle here, Matt said to Ed. If she comes back, tell her were out looking.And if were going, wed better go now, Bonnie put in ungraciously. She moody and promptly ran into a dark blazer.Well, excuse me, she snapped, looking up and seeing Stefan Salvatore. He said secret code as she and Meredith and Matt headed for the door, leaving an unhappy-looking Raymond and Ed behind.The stars were distant and ice-bright in the cloudless sky. Elena entangle just analogous them. Part of her was laughing and shouting with high spirits beam and Vickie and Tyler everyplace the roar of the wind, but part of her was watching from farther a room.Tyler parked halfway up the hill to the ruined church, leaving his headlights on as they all got out. Although thither had been several cars behind them when they left the school, they appeared to be the only bui lding blocknesss whod made it all the way to the cemetery.Tyler opened the ashes and pulled out a six-pack. All the more for us. He forwardered a beer to Elena, who shook her head, arduous to ignore the harebrained feeling in the pit of her stomach. She felt all wrong being here-but there was no way she was going to admit that now.They climbed the flagst unitary pathway, the girls staggering in their high heels and leaning on the boys. When they reached the top, Elena gasped and Vickie gave a comminuted scream.Something huge and red was hovering just above the horizon. It took Elena a moment to realize it was actually the moon. It was as king-size and unrealistic as a prop in a science-fiction movie, and its bloated mass glowed dully with an unwhole nigh light. deal a big rotten pumpkin, said Tyler, and lobbed a stone at it. Elena made herself smile brilliantly up at him.Why dont we go in spite of appearance? Vickie said, pointing a snow-covered hand at the modify hole of the church doorway.Most of the roof had fallen in, although the belfry was still intact, a tower stretchiness up high above them. Three of the walls were standing the fourth was only knee-high. in that respect were piles of junk everywhere.A light flared by Elenas cheek, and she turned, startled, to see Tyler h antiquateding a lighter. He grinned, showing strong white teeth, and said, Want to flick my Bic?Elenas laughter was the loudest, to cover her uneasiness. She took the lighter, using it to illuminate the tomb in the side of the church. It was akin no other tomb in the cemetery, although her father said hed seen similar things in England. It looked identical a large stone box, big enough for two people, with two stain statues lying in respite on the lid.doubting Thomas Keeping Fell and Honoria Fell, said Tyler with a grand gesture, as if introducing them. Old Thomas allegedly founded Fells Church. Although actually the Smallwoods were also there at the prison term. My great-grandfathers great-great-grandfather lived in the valley by Drowning Creek--until he got eaten by wolves, said Dick, and he threw back his head in a wolf imitation. Then he belched. Vickie giggled. vexation crossed Tylers holdome features, but he forced a smile.Thomas and Honoria are looking smorgasbord of pale, said Vickie, still giggling. I think what they need is a little color. She produced a lipstick from her crumple and began to coat the white stain mouth of the womans statue with waxy scarlet. Elena felt another sick twinge. As a child, shed always been awed by the pale lady and the grave man who lay with their eyes closed, reach folded on their breasts. And, after her parents died, shed thought of them as lying side by side like this subju penetration in the cemetery. nevertheless she held the lighter while the other girl put a lipstick mustache and clowns nose on Thomas Fell.Tyler was watching them. Hey, theyre all dressed up with no place to go. He put his h ands on the edge of the stone lid and leaned on it, trying to shift it sideways. What do you say, Dick-want to give them a night out on the town? Like maybe right in the center of town?No, thought Elena, appalled, as Dick guffawed and Vickie shrieked with laughter. But Dick was already beside Tyler, strike braced and ready, the heels of his hands on the stone lid.On three, said Tyler, and counted, One, two,three .Elenas eyes were fixed on the flagitious clown-like represent of Thomas Fell as the boys strained forward and grunted, muscles bunching infra cloth. They couldnt budge the lid an inch. unchurch thing must be attached virtuallyhow, said Tyler angrily, turning away.Elena felt weak with relief. Trying to look casual, she leaned against the stone lid of the tomb for support-and that was when it happened.She heard the grinding of stone and felt the lid shift under her left hand all at once. It was moving away from her, making her lose her balance. The lighter went flyin g, and she screamed and screamed again, trying to keep her feet. She was falling into the open tomb, and an icy wind roared all more or less her. Screams rang in her ears.And then she was out of doors and the moonlight was bright enough that she could see the others. Tyler had hold of her. She stared around her wildly.Are you crazy? What happened? Tyler was shaking her.It locomote The lid travel It slid open and-I dont know-I almost fell in. It was coldThe boys were laughing. Poor babys got the jitters, Tyler said. Cmon, Dicky-boy, well check it out. Tyler, no-But they went inside anyway. Vickie hung in the doorway, watching, while Elena shivered. Presently, Tyler beckoned her from the door.Look, he said when she reluctantly stepped back inside. Hed retrieved the lighter, and he held it above Thomas Fells marble chest. It still fits, snug as a bug in a rug. See?Elena stared cut at the perfect alignment of lid and tomb. It did move. I nearly fell into itSure, whatever you say, ba by. Tyler wound his arms around her, clasping her to him backwards. She looked over to see Dick and Vickie in much the same position, except that Vickie, eyes shut, was looking as if she enjoyed it. Tyler rubbed a strong chin over her hair.Id like to go back to the dance now, she said flatly.There was a pause in the rubbing. Then Tyler sighed and said, Sure, baby. He looked at Dick and Vickie. What about you two?Dick grinned. Well just stay here a while. Vickie giggled, her eyes still shut.Okay. Elena wondered how they were going to get back, but she allowed Tyler to coin on her out. Once outside, however, he paused.I cant let you go without one look at my grandfathers headstone, he said. Aw, cmon, Elena, he said as she started to protest, dont hurt my feelings. Youve got to see it its the family pride and joy.Elena made herself smile, although her stomach felt like ice. perhaps if she humored him, he would get her out of here. All right, she said, and started toward the cemetery .Not that way. This way. And the next moment, he was leading her down toward the old graveyard. Its okay, honest, its not far false the path. Look, there, you see? He pointed to something that shone in the moonlight.Elena gasped, muscles tightening around her heart. It looked like a person standing there, a giant with a round hairless head. And she didnt like being here at all, among the worn and leaning granite stones of centuries past. The bright moonlight cast strange shadows, and there were pools of impenetrable wickedness everywhere.Its just the ball on top. Nothing to be scared of, said Tyler, pulling her with him off the path and up to the shining headstone. It was made of red marble, and the huge ball that surmounted it re straitsed her of the bloated moon on the horizon. at once that same moon shone down on them, as white as Thomas Fells white hands. Elena couldnt view as her shivering.Poor baby, shes cold. Got to get her warned up, said Tyler. Elena act to push him awa y, but he was too strong, wrapping her in his arms, pulling her against him.Tyler, I want to go I want to go rightnow . Sure, baby, well go, he said. But weve got to get you warm first. Gosh, youre cold. Tyler, stop, she said. His arms around her had merely been annoying, restricting, but now with a sense of dishonour she felt his hands on her automobile trunk, groping for bare skin.Never in her life had Elena been in a seat like this, far away from any help. She aimed a spiked heel for his patent-leather instep, but he evaded her. Tyler,take your hands off me .Cmon, Elena, dont be like that, I just want to warm you up all overTyler, let go, she choked out. She move to wrench herself away from him. Tyler stumbled, and then his full weight was on her, suppress her into the tangle of ivy and weeds on the ground. Elena spoke desperately. Ill kill you, Tyler. I mean it.Get off me .Tyler tried to roll off, giggling suddenly, his limbs heavy and uncoordinated, almost useless. Aw, cm on, Elena, don be mad. I was jus warmin you up. Elena the Ice Princess, warmin up Youre gettin warm now, aren you? Then Elena felt his mouth hot andwet on her face. She was still pinned beneath him, and his sloppy kisses were moving down her throat. She heard cloth tear.Oops, Tyler mumbled. Sorry bout that.Elena twisted her head, and her mouth met Tylers hand, clumsily caressing her cheek. She bit it, sinking her teeth into the fleshy palm. She bithard , gustatory modality blood, hearing Tylers agonized yowl. The hand jerked away.Hey I said I was sorry Tyler looked aggrievedly at his maimed hand. Then his face darkened, as, still staring at it, he clenched the hand into a fist.This is it, Elena thought with nightmare calmness. Hes either going to knock me out or kill me. She braced herself for the blow.Stefan had resisted coming into the cemetery everything within him had cried out against it. The last time hed been here had been the night of the old man.Horror shifted through his gut again at the memory. He would have sworn that he had not drained the man under the bridge, that he had not taken enough blood to do harm. But everything that night after the surge of index finger was muddled, confused. If therehad been a surge of Power at all. Perhaps that had been his own imagination, or even his own doing. antic things could happen when the need got out of control.He shut his eyes. When hed heard that the old man was hospitalized, near death, his shock had been beyond words. Howcould he have let himself get so far out of hand? To kill, almost, when he had not killed sinceHe wouldnt let himself think about that.Now, standing in front of the cemetery gate in the midnight darkness, he wanted nothing so much as to turn around and go away. Go back to the dance where hed left Caroline, that supple, sun-bronzed creature who was absolutely safe because she meant absolutely nothing to him.But he couldnt go back, because Elena was in the cemetery. He could sense her, and sense her rising distress. Elena was in the cemetery and in trouble, and he had to find her.He was halfway up the hill when the dizziness hit. It sent him reeling, struggling on toward the church because it was the only thing he could keep in focus. Gray waves of fog swept through his brain, and he fought to keep moving. Weak, he felt so weak. And helpless against the sheer power of this vertigo.He infallible to go to Elena. But he was weak. He couldnt be weak if he were to help Elena. He compulsory toThe church door yawned before him.Elena saw the moon over Tylers left shoulder. It was strangely fitting that it would be the last thing she ever saw, she thought. The scream had caught in her throat, choked off by fear.And then something picked Tyler up and threw him against his grandfathers headstone.That was what it looked like to Elena. She rolled to the side, gasping, one hand clutching her torn dress, the other groping for a weapon.She didnt need one. Something moved in the darkness, and she saw the person who had plucked Tyler off her. Stefan Salvatore. But it was a Stefan she had never seen before that fine-featured face was white and cold with fury, and there was a killing light in those green eyes. Without even moving, Stefan emanated much(prenominal) anger and menace that Elena found herself more panic-struck of him than she had been of Tyler.When I first met you, I knew youd never wise(p) any manners, said Stefan. His voice was soft and cold and light, and somehow it made Elena dizzy. She couldnt take her eyes off him as he moved toward Tyler, who was shaking his head dazedly and starting to get up. Stefan moved like a dancer, every movement easy and precisely controlled. But I had no idea that your cause was quite so underdeveloped.He hit Tyler. The larger boy had been reaching out one husky hand, and Stefan hit him almost negligently on the side of the face, before the hand made contact.Tyler flew against another headstone. He scrambled u p and stood panting, his eyes showing white. Elena saw a trickle of blood from his nose. Then he charged.A gentleman doesnt force his company on anyone, said Stefan, and knocked him aside. Tyler went sprawling again, facedown in the weeds and briars. This time he was slower in getting up, and blood flowed from both nostrils and from his mouth. He was blowing like a frightened horse as he threw himself at Stefan.Stefan grabbed the front of Tylers jacket, whirling them both around and absorbing the repair of the murderous rush. He shook Tyler twice, hard, while those big beefy fists windmilled around him, unable to connect. Then he let Tyler drop.He doesnt insult a woman, he said. Tylers face was contorted, his eyes rolling, but he grabbed for Stefans leg. Stefan jerked him to his feet and shook him again, and Tyler went limp as a rag doll, his eyes rolling up. Stefan went on speaking, holding the heavy body upright and punctuating every word with a bone-wrenching shake. And, above a ll, he doesnot hurt herStefan Elena cried. Tylers head was snapping back and away with every shake. She was frightened of what she was seeing frightened of what Stefan might do. And frightened above all else of Stefans voice, that cold voice that was like a rapier dancing, beautiful and deadly and utterly merciless. Stefan,stop .His head jerked toward her, startled, as if he had forgotten her presence. For a moment he looked at her without recognition, his eyes black in the moonlight, and she thought of some predator, some great bird or sleek carnivore incapable of gay emotion. Then understanding came to his face and some of the darkness faded from his gaze.He looked down at Tylers lolling head, then set him gently against the red marble tombstone. Tylers knees buckled and he slid down the face of it, but to Elenas relief his eyes opened-or at least the left one did. The right was swelling to a slit.Hell be all right, said Stefan emptily.As her fear ebbed, Elena felt blank hersel f. Shock, she thought. Im in shock. Ill probably start screaming hysterically any minute now.Is there someone to take you home? said Stefan, still in that chillingly deadened voice.Elena thought of Dick and Vickie, doing God knew what beside Thomas Fells statue. No, she said. Her mind was beginning to work again, to take notice of things around her. The violet dress was ripped all the way down the front it was ruined. Mechanically, she pulled it together over her slip.Ill drive you, said Stefan.Even through the numbness, Elena felt a apace thrill of fear. She looked at him, a strangely elegant figure among the tombstones, his face pale in the moonlight. He had never looked so sobeautiful to her before, but that beauty was almost alien. Not just foreign, but inhuman, because no human could project that aura of power, or of distance.Thank you. That would be very kind, she said slowly. There was nothing else to do.They left Tyler painfully getting to his feet by his ancestors headston e. Elena felt another chill as they reached the path and Stefan turned toward Wickery Bridge.I left my car at the boarding house, he said. This is the fastest way for us to get back.Is this the way you came?No. I didnt cross the bridge. But itll be safe.Elena believed him. Pale and silent, he walked beside her without touching, except when he took off his blazer to put it around her bare shoulders. She felt oddly sure he would kill anything that tried to get at her.Wickery Bridge was white in the moonlight, and under it the icy waters swirled over antique rocks. The whole world was still and beautiful and cold as they walked through the oak trees to the limit country road.They passed fenced pastures and dark fields until they reached a long winding drive. The boarding house was a vast create of rust-red brick made from the native clay, and it was flanked with age-old cedars and maples. All but one of the windows were dark.Stefan unlocked one of the double doors and they stepped i nto a small hallway, with a flight of stairs directly in front of them. The banister, like the doors, was natural light oak so polished that it seemed to glow.They went up the stairs to a second-story landing that was poorly lit. To Elenas surprise,Stefan led her into one of the bedrooms and opened what looked like a closet door. Through it she could see a very steep, very narrow stairway.What a strange place, she thought. This hidden stairway buried deep in the heart of the house, where no decease from outside could penetrate. She reached the top of the stairs and stepped out into a large room that made up the whole third story of the house.It was almost as dimly lit as the stairway, but Elena could see the stained wood floor and the exposed beams in the slanting ceiling. There were tall windows on all sides, and more trunks scattered among a few pieces of massive furniture.She realized he was watching her. Is there a bathroom where I-?He nodded toward a door. She took off the b lazer, held it toward him without looking at him, and went inside.